Black Rice Farming in India – The “Forbidden Rice” Making a Comeback

1. Introduction – The Rise of Black Rice in India

Black rice, often called “the forbidden rice,” is gaining attention across India for its exceptional nutritional value, exotic appeal, and premium market price. Traditionally cultivated in small pockets of Assam, Manipur, and parts of Odisha, this unique crop is now finding its way into farms across other Indian states as domestic and export demand rises.

2. Ideal Climate & Best Regions for Cultivation

Climate: Warm and humid conditions with temperatures between 21°C – 30°C.
Rainfall: Annual rainfall of 1000–1500 mm, ideal for monsoon-fed agriculture.
Soil Type: Fertile, well-drained loamy or clayey soils with pH 5.5 – 6.5.

Top Black Rice Producing States in India:

• Manipur – Known for Chak-Hao, a GI-tagged aromatic black rice.
• Assam – Famous for its Purple Rice variety.
• Odisha & West Bengal – Expanding cultivation for niche health-conscious markets.
• Chhattisgarh & Jharkhand – Emerging as new black rice belts.

3. Recommended Cultivation Practices

• Land Preparation: 2–3 ploughings, proper leveling, and addition of organic manure.
• Seed Selection & Treatment: Use certified seeds from agricultural research centers; treat seeds with bio-fungicides to prevent diseases.
• Sowing: Transplant seedlings aged 20–25 days into well-prepared fields.
• Irrigation: Maintain 5–6 cm standing water during vegetative growth; drain before harvest.
• Weed & Pest Control: Adopt Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and use organic mulches.
• Harvesting: Ready in 140–160 days; grains turn deep purple-black when mature.

4. Yield & Economic Viability

• Average Yield: 2.5–3 tonnes/ha (lower than white rice but compensated by higher prices).
• Market Price: ₹150–₹300/kg (premium organic black rice fetches more).
• Cost of Cultivation: ₹40,000–₹55,000/ha (varies by region & inputs).
• Net Profit: ₹60,000–₹1,00,000/ha (for high-quality, organic produce).

5. Health Benefits Fueling Market Demand

• Rich in antioxidants (anthocyanin gives the black color).
• High in fiber, iron, and vitamin E.
• Low glycemic index – suitable for diabetics.
• Supports heart health and weight management.

6. Market Opportunities & Export Potential

Domestic Demand: Health food stores, organic supermarkets, gourmet restaurants.
International Markets: USA, EU, Middle East, and Southeast Asia importing premium Indian black rice.
Value Addition Products: Black rice flour, snacks, noodles, breakfast cereals.

7. Government Schemes & Support for Farmers

• Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): Promotes organic farming.
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY): Subsidies for seeds, machinery, and marketing.
• GI Tagging Initiatives: Helps in branding and premium pricing.

8. Key Challenges & Their Solutions

• Low yield compared to white rice – Use improved varieties and follow better agronomic practices.
• Lack of consumer awareness – Conduct awareness drives and promote black rice in health and organic food markets.
• Pest and disease attacks – Implement Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and use organic control methods.

9. Conclusion – The Future of Black Rice in India

Black rice farming in India is not just agriculture—it is an opportunity to tap into the booming health food sector while preserving traditional and indigenous crop varieties. With government support, strong market linkages, and farmer training programs, India has the potential to become a leading global supplier of premium black rice.